Knee replacement is an orthopedic procedure used to relieve chronic pain and restore joint function when other treatments are no longer effective. Understanding how the surgery is performed can support better preparation before treatment and recovery. Here is an overview of the surgical process of knee joint replacement:
How Should You Prepare?
Preparation for knee replacement surgery begins well before the procedure. Your surgeon will review your medical history and perform a physical exam; they will also order imaging tests like X-rays to assess the extent of joint damage. These steps help your surgical team plan the procedure and choose the right type of implant for your knee.
Your doctor may also ask you to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, in the days leading up to surgery. Making adjustments at home, such as arranging for help with daily tasks, can make the early recovery period manageable. Attending a pre-surgery education session, if offered, gives you a clearer picture of what the procedure involves and what to expect afterward.
What Happens During the Procedure?
Knee replacement surgery follows a sequence of steps, and each one plays a specific role in the outcome. Here is what happens during surgery:
- The surgeon cleans the knee with an antiseptic solution and covers it with sterile drapes to maintain a clean surgical environment.
- An incision is made over the knee joint to expose the kneecap (patella), which is then moved aside to access the joint.
- The surgeon removes damaged tissue from the lower end of the thigh bone (femur) and the upper end of the shin bone (tibia), then reshapes the bone surfaces to fit the prosthetic components.
- Metal prosthetic devices are secured to the prepared bone surfaces with bone cement, and a plastic spacer is placed between them to allow the joint to move smoothly.
- The patella is reshaped and repositioned, and the surgeon tests the joint by moving it through a range of motions to confirm stability before closing the incision.
Once the team confirms the prosthesis is stable and functioning correctly, the incision is closed with sutures and covered with a bandage. Patients are then moved to a recovery room where medical staff monitor their condition as the anesthesia wears off.
What Happens During Recovery?
The early recovery phase begins in the hospital, where patients generally stay for a few days. During this time, a physical therapist will guide patients through initial movement; these exercises prevent stiffness and reduce the risk of blood clots. While pain and swelling are normal in the first few weeks, medication and ice therapy help manage discomfort. The surgical wound requires regular care to prevent infection, and follow-up appointments allow the surgeon to track healing progress. Sticking to the prescribed care plan during this phase is fundamental to a smooth recovery.
What Are the Long-Term Outcomes?
A structured physical therapy program helps patients regain strength, flexibility, and full use of the knee joint. Key aspects of rehabilitation and long-term recovery include:
- Physical therapy exercises that progressively build knee strength and improve range of motion.
- Activity modifications in the early weeks, such as avoiding high-impact activities like running or jumping, to protect the new joint while it heals.
- Regular follow-up visits with the surgeon to monitor the prosthesis and address any concerns about pain, swelling, or limited mobility.
- A gradual return to daily activities.
Knee joint replacement prostheses are built to last, with many functioning well for 15 to 20 years.
Learn More About Knee Replacement
Knee replacement surgery is a well-established procedure that follows a clear step-by-step process. Patients who understand the process are better equipped to prepare, recover, and get the most out of their surgery. To find out if knee replacement is the right option for you, contact a qualified orthopedic specialist near you to book your appointment today.
