The retina is the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye that sends visual information to the brain. A retinal tear is a small break in this delicate tissue. Understanding the signs associated with a retinal injury allows for prompt evaluation by an eye care professional. Early attention to changes in vision can support the long-term health of your eyes.
What Is a Retinal Tear?
A retinal tear occurs when the retina develops a break. If left unaddressed, fluid from within the eye may pass through the tear and accumulate behind the retina. This fluid can cause the retina to separate from the underlying tissue, a condition known as retinal detachment. The signs of a tear often appear suddenly and vary from person to person. Some people may notice only mild changes, while others experience more pronounced symptoms. Common indicators of a retinal tear include:
- A Sudden Increase in Floaters: Floaters are small specks, lines, or web-like shapes that drift through your field of vision. While many people experience occasional floaters, a significant increase in their number may be a sign of a tear.
- Flashes of Light: Some individuals report seeing sudden flashes of light in their peripheral vision. These flashes may be more noticeable in dim lighting and can occur intermittently.
- A Curtain of Shadow: A shadow or dark curtain appearing in the peripheral vision is another potential symptom. This shadow may seem to stay in one place or slowly expand over time.
It is possible to have a tear without noticing any of these signs. The presence and intensity of symptoms can depend on the tear’s size and location.
What Causes a Tear?
Retinal tears can develop for several reasons, though sometimes a specific cause is not identified. The most common cause is related to the natural aging process of the eye. As a person ages, the vitreous may shrink and pull away from the retina. Certain factors may increase the likelihood of developing a tear, such as:
- Nearsightedness: People with significant nearsightedness may have longer eyeballs, which can cause the retina to be thinner and more susceptible to tearing.
- Eye Trauma: A direct injury to the eye or head may cause a retinal tear.
- Previous Eye Surgery: Procedures such as cataract surgery can sometimes lead to changes in the vitreous that increase the risk of a tear.
A personal or family history of retinal conditions can also elevate a person’s risk.
How Is One Treated?
When a retinal tear is suspected, an eye care professional will perform a comprehensive evaluation to confirm its presence and assess its characteristics. Some small tears or retinal holes that are not associated with symptoms may be monitored closely without immediate intervention. For tears that are judged to have a higher risk of causing a detachment, treatment is often recommended to seal the break. The goal of treatment is to create a bond between the retina and the underlying tissue, which prevents fluid from passing through the tear. In one such procedure, a laser is used to create small burns around the tear. These burns form scars that “weld” the retina to the tissue beneath it.
Speak With a Retina Specialist
Changes in your vision warrant prompt attention from an eye care professional. A specialist can perform a thorough examination to determine the cause of your symptoms. Timely evaluation and management of a retinal tear can help preserve your sight.
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